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Aktiv-Passiv-Übersicht

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Die Grundregel

Passiv = eine Form von to be + 3. Form des Verbs

Die Zeit erkennst du nur an der Form von to be. Die 3. Form (protected, built, seen …) bleibt immer gleich.

Aktiv und Passiv im Vergleich

Beispiel: Die Ranger schützen die Nashörner.

ZeitAktivPassiv
Simple presentimmer, oft, jeden Tag Grundform (he/she/it: -s)The rangers protect the rhinos. am / is / are + 3. FormThe rhinos are protected.
Present progressivegerade, jetzt, Look! am / is / are + -ingThe rangers are protecting the rhinos. am / is / are being + 3. FormThe rhinos are being protected.
Simple pastgestern, letztes Jahr, … ago 2. Form (oder -ed)The rangers protected the rhinos. was / were + 3. FormThe rhinos were protected.
Past progressivewhile, gerade in der Vergangenheit was / were + -ingThe rangers were protecting the rhinos. was / were being + 3. FormThe rhinos were being protected.
Present perfectalready, just, since, for, ever have / has + 3. FormThe rangers have protected the rhinos. have / has been + 3. FormThe rhinos have been protected.
Past perfectbefore, after, by then had + 3. FormThe rangers had protected the rhinos. had been + 3. FormThe rhinos had been protected.
will-Futurtomorrow, next week, in 2030 will + GrundformThe rangers will protect the rhinos. will be + 3. FormThe rhinos will be protected.
going to-FuturPlan, Absicht am / is / are going to + GrundformThe rangers are going to protect the rhinos. am / is / are going to be + 3. FormThe rhinos are going to be protected.
Modalverbencan, could, must, might, should Modalverb + GrundformThe rangers must protect the rhinos. Modalverb + be + 3. FormThe rhinos must be protected.

So wandelst du die Form von to be um

  1. Zeit bestimmen: In welcher Zeit steht der Aktivsatz? The rangers have protected … → Present perfect
  2. to be in diese Zeit setzen: Present perfect von to be = have/has been
  3. 3. Form dazu: have been protected
  4. An das neue Subjekt anpassen: Das Objekt wird zum Subjekt – danach richtet sich to be: the rhino is / the rhinos are, it has been / they have been.
ZeitForm von to be im Passiv
Simple presentam / is / are
Present progressiveam / is / are being
Simple pastwas / were
Past progressivewas / were being
Present perfecthave / has been
Past perfecthad been
will-Futurwill be
going to-Futuram / is / are going to be
Modalverbencan / must / might … be

💡 Merke:

  • Progressive Zeiten: to be bekommt being dazu (are being protected).
  • Perfekt-Zeiten: to be wird zu been (have been protected).
  • Nach will, going to und Modalverben steht be (will be protected).
  • Wörter wie just, already, not stehen nach dem ersten Hilfsverb: has just been protected.
  • Wer es tut, steht – nur wenn wichtig – mit by am Ende: … by the rangers.

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